http://www.sloh.org/universal-athletics-montana/
Trent Consultants News Lobos lose their abusive Edge In midlife, the study shows
Trent Consultants News: While most wolves in Yellowstone National Park live up to almost six years, their ability to kill prey peaks when two or three, according to a study led by Dan and recently MacNulty published online by Ecology Letters.
The study appears in the print edition of the magazine in December.
The finding challenges long-held belief that wolves are predators of success in later life. Now it seems that, like human athletes, are only at the top of your game for about 25 percent of the time. It also shows that the physiology may limit predation.
"Wolves are not perfect predator" MacNulty says, a post-doctoral researcher at the School of Biological Sciences Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior. "They lack the characteristics natural to kill prey quickly, so rely on athletic ability and strength, which decreases with age. They are like the 100-meter sprinters. Must be in top condition to perform. "
For comparison, mountain lions, with a short snout, powerful muscles, and retractable claws, are designed to kill, MacNulty says. Not surprisingly, live and hunt alone.
In Yellowstone, wolves, they hunt in packs, moose depend on for survival. The finding is timely because the population of the park is reducing elk and wolves are blamed for being. Wolves were hunted out of the area in the 1930s and introduced again in 1995. But the study shows that there is a strong correlation between the number of wolves in the park and the number of moose killed.
MacNulty said that the number fluctuates based on the age structure of the population of wolves in a given time. The greater the proportion of wolves more than three years of age, the lower the rate at killing the moose. For every 10 percent increase in the proportion of wolves more than three, the death rate fell from 10-15 percent. He points that the decline in the moose population can also be attributed to drought and grizzly bears.
"Wolves are not the only factor limiting the population Yellowstone elk, "said MacNulty.
When wolves hunt older can no longer successfully younger wolves share their prey with them, as described as a version of lupine MacNulty Social Security. While a high proportion of old to the young wolves can participate elk, which could strain the population wolves because there are not enough workers to support retirees.
Montana legalized hunting wolves after being removed from the endangered species list of extinction in 2007. Although hunting is prohibited in the park, roaming packages beyond the frontiers, and radio-tagged wolves have been killed. MacNulty says hunting does not endanger the species, but actually skews younger population of wolves, which could mean more deaths, not less, for elk.
MacNulty became a field biologist in Yellowstone after graduating from the University of Colorado in 1995, wolves were reintroduced years, and focused her doctoral studies in the abuse. It has continued to monitor the wolves of Yellowstone as the University of Minnesota researcher Craig Packer postdoctoral, the world's foremost authority on the lions.
MacNulty next step is to create mathematical models to study the long-term effects of fluctuations in the age structure of the Yellowstone wolf population in the moose population. His collaborators include Douglas Smith (Yellowstone Center for Resources), Juan Vucetich, University Michigan Tech) David Mech (U.S. Geological Survey Survey) Daniel Stahler (Yellowstone Center for Resources) and Craig Packer (University of Minnesota).
Adapted from materials provided by target = '_blank "> University of Minnesota.
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Trent Consultants Dog Care and Training is all about helping pet owners enhance their relationships with their pets. Our professional pet-care services includes boarding, grooming, training, now available in Korea. When you’re at work, your dog can be playing and getting the attention he needs at Trent Consultants. Dogs that come for day care have opportunities to play throughout the day in one of our three fenced outdoor play areas with our doggie playgroups. You can visit us at www.trentconsultant.com. Email us info@trentconsultant.com.
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